Metallogenic Epochs And Provinces Of India Pdf Download
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Metallogenic Epochs and Provinces of India: A Geologic Overview
Metallogenic epochs and provinces are terms used to describe the spatial and temporal distribution of mineral deposits in relation to the geologic history of the Earth. A metallogenic epoch is a period of time during which a significant concentration of deposits of one or more metals formed in one or more regions or belts. A metallogenic province is a large region or belt with a notable concentration of deposits of a certain metal or group of metals.
India is a country with a rich and diverse mineral endowment, reflecting its complex and varied geologic evolution. India has experienced several metallogenic epochs and provinces throughout its history, ranging from the Precambrian to the Cenozoic. In this article, we will provide a brief overview of some of the major metallogenic epochs and provinces of India, and their geologic settings, characteristics, and examples.
Precambrian Metallogenic Epoch
The Precambrian is the longest and oldest geologic eon, spanning from the formation of the Earth about 4.6 billion years ago to the beginning of the Cambrian period about 541 million years ago. The Precambrian is divided into three eras: the Hadean, the Archean, and the Proterozoic. The Precambrian metallogenic epoch in India is characterized by the formation of various types of mineral deposits associated with different geologic events and processes, such as crustal differentiation, magmatism, metamorphism, sedimentation, and tectonism.
Some of the important Precambrian metallogenic provinces in India are:
The gold province of Karnataka-Andhra Pradesh-Tamil Nadu (Hutti-Kolar-Anantpur-Gadag-Wynad Gold Province), which hosts some of the oldest and richest gold deposits in the world, formed by hydrothermal alteration and quartz vein emplacement in Archean greenstone belts[^1^].
The copper province of Singhbhum, which contains several copper deposits associated with Proterozoic volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) systems in metamorphosed sedimentary rocks[^1^].
The copper province of Khetri-Pur-Banera, which comprises several copper deposits related to Proterozoic granitic intrusions in metamorphosed sedimentary rocks[^1^].
The iron ore province of Orissa-Jharkhand-Chhattisgarh (Bailadila-Bonai-Keonjhar-Noamundi Iron Ore Province), which hosts some of the largest and richest iron ore deposits in India, formed by banded iron formation (BIF) deposition and enrichment in Proterozoic sedimentary basins[^1^].
The manganese ore province of Madhya Pradesh-Maharashtra-Orissa (Balaghat-Nagpur-Garividi Manganese Ore Province), which contains several manganese ore deposits associated with Proterozoic sedimentary rocks[^1^].
Late Paleozoic Metallogenic Epoch
The Paleozoic is a geologic era that lasted from about 541 to 252 million years ago. It is divided into six periods: the Cambrian, the Ordovician, the Silurian, the Devonian, the Carboniferous, and the Permian. The late Paleozoic metallogenic epoch in India is characterized by the formation of various types of mineral deposits associated with continental rifting, sedimentation, glaciation, and magmatism.
Some of the important late Paleozoic metallogenic provinces in India are:
The coal province of Gondwana basins (Damodar-Mahanadi-Godavari-Wardha Coal Province), which hosts some of the largest coal reserves in India, formed by peat accumulation and burial in Permian-Carboniferous rift basins[^1^].
The diamond province of Panna-Satna-Majhgawan (Panna Diamond Province), which contains several diamond deposits associated with kimberlite pipes and lamproite dykes emplaced in Proterozoic crust during Permian-C 248dff8e21